Thursday, November 19, 2009

The Difference Between Analog and Digital Media

Abstract: In an information-rich society we're inundated through both the five senses and words.  Yet, they communicate differently.   For those who've been strongly influenced by academe, wordsespecially words devoid of personal, sensory experienceare highly valued.  Yet, communication through the five senses is more innate to our species.  What's the difference, and where are the advantages?

How Words Mean
     The written word appears to raised to an extremely high level of respect in Western culture.  It is regarded as sacrosanct and preferred by academics, and often seems to be held in higher esteem than the spoken word in business. In scientific communities, the publication of a formal (written) "paper" is the mark of significance, while shared personal experiences are denigrated as being less significant. Witness the wrath of those dedicated to the written word when a scientist or experimenter deigns to announce some result in public, before publication of the formal "paper."  And, in business, we want "the documentation," the paperwork, the written memo.
     On the other hand, scientific communities still conduct meetings which emphasize personal, spoken exchanges of information.  And in business, we spend what seem to be interminable hours in face-to-face meetings.  There is something special about these interpersonal events.  It is in these dynamic, unpredictable environments where the seeds of new ideas are often synthesized, and the more obvious flaws of early ideas are exposed.
     The emergence of high-technology tools that facilitate communication is just in its infancy. Although the telephone is ubiquitous, the emergence of facsimile and e-mail and discussion databases are beginning to shape the ways we transact business.  But our personal communications skills have been honed by millennia of transactions through the spoken word and, more recently, the supposed "objectivity" of the written word.
     The difference between the two is simple: The incorporation of sensory information. In the examples, additional information was added through tonality, context, relationship, and the meaning becomes something more than (or other than) the apparent words. This is Gregory Bateson's meta-communication:   That part of the message that tells us how to interpret the rest of the message. Without meta-communication, we are left to fall back on the interpretive devices that comes from our own experience...and that may be significantly different from the intent of the originator of the message.

Sensory Precision
     Sensory information and meta-communication are similar, but not quite identical.  In the written word, sensory information is often carefully inserted to help a reader arrive at the some conclusion the writer intends.  Good scientific papers are said to explain reproducible results; in order for those results to be reproduced, sufficient detail must be provided to allow the reader to independently duplicate the work.  That detail is inevitably provided in terms that are grounded in the five senses: We call for "5 mg Sodium Chloride," not "a pinch of Salt".  The latter is reserved for a recipe, where the artistry is in the reader's interpretation.
     The phrase "5 mg" is sensory-grounded.  It is a reference to a previously agreed-upon specification of volume.  You can imagine a 5 mg container in your mind's eye, or you can pick up a physical container that is graduated to that precision, but there is no mistaking the amount.  Similarly, the precision of "Sodium Chloride" is clear:  It's a specific "salt" that any competent scientist can imagine, say, as a molecular structure or recall as a list of known properties.  Now there are more refinements of each (for example the tolerance in the volume (plus-or-minus 1 mg?  0.001 mg) or the purity (99.999% pure NaCl) you could add to be even more precise...but these, too, are quantities we can measure with our five senses.

How We "Make Sense"
     That's a very provocative expression:  To "make sense" of something literally means that we can convert the symbols we see or hear into internal sensory experiences we can see, hear, feel, taste or smell.  We literally "make sense" of the stimuli we receive.
     Numbers and words are symbols that stand for some meaning that two commicators must agree upon.  If I utter a word for which you cannot create a representation in your mind, I am "not making sense."
"Ohaio gozaimasu."
If you speak Japanese, you'll recognize the familiar greeting, "Good morning."  And, if you don't, it didn't "make sense" to you.
     Because that interpretation is personal and unique, we use even more words in attempts to influence it.  For example, as you read the following words, you brain has to make the image to interpret the words; note the experience you have of "a green-and-blue elephant."   And, I'll bet your elephant is oriented a different direction, has a different size and is at a distance from you in your mind's eye that are different from mine as I wrote them.  If I were to attempt to describe exactly what sort of picture I have in my head it would likely take a few thousand words...and there's still no certainty that you'd be able to remember it all and construct the same image.
     If something we perceive doesn't "make sense" we have the option of seeking more precision, for example, by asking a clarifying question.   In clear public presentations, it is considered the mark of success when questions are not necessary.  Inevitably, when questions prove unnecessary, you can look back over a spoken pattern that was rich in sensory-grounded symbols.  On the other hand, in some kinds of communication, it's important leave lots of room for personal interpretation; it the tactic of effective sales people, influential politicians, powerful managers.  The ability to elect to communicate with precision, to direct the audience's experience explicitly, or to communicate leaving lots of room for interpretation is an important skill; both are matched halves of the entire skill.

An Even Finer Distinction
     There's another way to distinguish between the sensory and the symbolic worlds:  It is the difference between digital and analog communications.  In the digital world of representation, the meanings and interpretations are derived from discrete symbols, while in the analog, meanings and interpretations are derived from continuously-variable properties of one thing that stands for (i.e., is symbolic of) another.
Digital Information
     In modern digital computers, a binary digit is either "0" or "1", and there are no valid values but those two legitimate values; the size of the container for that bit is irrelevant to its meaning or interpretation.  Making 0's and 1's bigger doesn't change the meaning one whit to a computer.  Changing the way a word is represented does not change it's value: A dog is still a DOG is still a DOG, irrespective of how the symbol is represented.
     This is the essence of a digital symbol:  The digit or character or word is a symbol that stands for the thing itself.  It's an efficient way to encode information, but it strips away certain information (for example, we don't write "carb" for a "car that is blue" and "carr" for a "car that is red").
     The digits and characters of our language are arbitrary symbols that are combined to form numbers and words.  If you doubt they're arbitrary, consider Russian; and, in the more generalized sense, the symbols that stand for words or concepts in ideographic languages like Chinese are also digital.
Analog Information
     Duration, loudness and tonality are examples of ways to represent analog information in speech:  There is a relationship between the thing being represented (e.g., an emotional state) and the symbol we use to convey it.  A good example of an analogy is the volume control on your stereo or radio:   The movement of the knob (rotation) or the slider (distance) is the analog of the desired volume at which we wish to hear.
     Analog information is conveyed in our five senses:  We can hear sounds softer or louder, rhythms as lower or faster; we can see things dimmer or brighter...we even see the sky as "blue" or "bluer."  When changing some characteristic that stands for another characteristic causes changes in both, we're dealing with analog information.
     In an analog computer, the value of a measurement is continuously variable, a voltage that is in the range from (say) zero through +5 volts, with infinitely many possible values between those two limits.  Similarly, changing the infinitely-variable tonality over an uttered sentence can change its meaning, and the degree of change in tonality in some sense conveys some analogous kind of meaning (we shout in an emergency, for example).

Advantages
     As a species, we've grown up with analog information; it's intrinsic to our natures.  That's the advantage of analogic communication:  It works with everybody.  As an infant, your full-time job was to explore and expand your senses.  And some of us grew up being more sensitive to sounds than sights, or touch than smell; we're all different, and we've collected an absolutely unique set of experiences that are all encoded in the five senses.
     The main advantage of analogic communication is it's universality:  Sneak up behind a Kalahari bushman (if you can) and shout, you'll elicit a reaction, just as you would a pedestrian on a New York street.
     As an advanced civilization, most of us learn to read and numerate; to recognize and process digital information, and to use it to communicate.   It took you a few years to get through "Dick and Jane," or "Green Eggs and Ham;" it's an acquired skill.
     Words are "anchors" that haul up specific experiences:  If I write of "a big, mean dog," you probably have a real (or vicarious, such as television) experience that you recall that's connected to those words.   And that's their power:  A short analog (visually seeing the words, or hearing them spoken) experience of a digital symbol (i.e. word) retrieves a relevant, but hopelessly generalized experience.  It a great and efficient way to encode information:  Put on disk, the book "Gone With the Wind" would require fewer bits of information than the film made from the book.  Which medium represents the richer experience is largely dictated by your experience in synthesizing your subjective, internal experience from words:  Some people prefer their own experience ("the book was better"), while others prefer the film, which makes fewer intelle
Medium Effectiveness
     It has been demonstrated1 in a series of experiments that 78% of our communication is non-verbal (i.e., analog).
     What's even more significant, however, is that we're so accustomed to receiving and responding to non-verbal messages, that most of them occur outside our conscious awareness.  Effective communicators use those unconscious responses to elicit the behaviors they want from the audience.  Listen to a good orator, a dynamic evangelist, a terrific comedian; their power comes from their use of the analogic properties of language.

Coping with Digital Media
     The difficulty in the domain of the written word is the incorporation of that sensory-based meta-communication. In computer-mediated communications, like e-mail, bulletin board systems, shared text files and discussion databases, there are evolving customs and rituals.  People who regularly communicate through computers find that the paucity of meta-communication means that they must augment their words...much as I have done in this paper through the medium of italics, underscore and boldface typographics.  In computer communication, individuals generally have at their disposal only the linear representation of words on successive lines.   Because of the lack of standardization among computer systems from different vendors, message authors aren't even at liberty to use typographic conventions or colors to convey the meta-communications, because they cannot rely on the reader's ability to display the written message in the same way.
     We're forced, by the limited character-based messages in computerdom, to try to write "word pictures" that can be reconstructed by our distant correspondents.
ctual demands by filling the senses from the outside.

Thursday, November 12, 2009

What to look for When Shopping for a Health Insurance Plan

With all the Health Insurance options that are available to us it can be overwhelming finding right health insurance plans for ourselves. There are literally dozens of companies with hundreds of plans to choose from. We have to agree that the main reason for having Health Insurance is to protect ourselves from large unexpected medical bills. So when comparing medical plans that is the main thing we should be looking at. Since IRS says that number one cause of Bankruptcy in the United States is medical bills, specifically medical bills that are over $17,000. We will keep that in mind as we will looks all the factors of selecting right health plan.
Before we get into comparing plans there are three main plan options to choose from: PPO (Proffered Provider Organization), HMO (Health Maintenance Organization) and HSA (Health Saving Account). The simple way to understand the differences is keep this in mind; PPO plans will give the greatest flexibility and ability to choose your own doctor usually from a extensive network of doctors. Most PPO plans have reasonable monthly premiums and usually have a hospital deductibles ranging from $500 to $5000. We will get in to deductible and how they work later on. The simplest way to explain how HMO plans work is to think of a gate keeper system. That means that you get assigned to a specific doctor or medical office (Primary Care Physician) that you have to go thorough to get authorization to get medical care. Most HMO plans comprehensive coverage, small co-pays to go see a doctor and low deductibles ranging from $0 to $1500. HMO plans tend to cost more that PPO plans. HSA plan is a relatively new concept and becoming extremely popular. HSA plans work similar to PPO plan in a context that you can choose your own doctor from extensive list of providers. HSA plan have great advantages when it comes to low monthly premiums and ability to save money tax free for the medical expenses, in similar way to 401k or IRA accounts. The reason for low monthly premiums is that HSA plans have large deductibles usually over $2400. For more information on how HSA plans work and if it is a right choice for you visit www.GuideToHealthInsurance.org
Number one thing we should be looking at is what is called ?Maximum out of Pocket?, also might be called ?Yearly Maximum out of Packet?. What that means is that amount is the maximum you can be out of pocket in any given year for ALL the medical expenses combined. Most of the time that amount will exclude prescription drug coverage deductibles and co-pays. When you are comparing health insurance plans it is important to find out if everything in the plan is applied towards the ?Maximum out Of Pocket. Some plans that have attractive monthly premiums might have exclusions to where ?Maximum out Of Pocket? is applied only for the hospital stays. Most of the PPO plans have ?Maximum out of Pocket? range from $3000 to $9000. For HMO plans ?Maximum out of Pocket? ranges from $1500 to $4500. Most HSA plans have where your deductible is your maximum out of pocket.
Second we should be looking for a plan from a known insurance company name. There are a lot of large well established insurance companies that you might never hear of. Reasons for staying with a large well known insurance company are that you know they will pay your bills and not going to disappear. The other reason is that chances are most doctors will accept the insurance plan that they offer. I would definitely stay away from 99.9% of Association plans and small insurance companies with less than 10 billion in Assets. You can find that our by going to www.Forbs.com. To date largest insurance company that provides Health Insurance is Fortis and their health insurance plans are called ?Assurant Health? (www.AssurantHealthCoverage.com). Largest health insurance provider in the United States is Wellpoint (www.Wellpoint.com) serving approximately 34 million members nationwide. We all know them as Blue Cross and Blue Shield. Keep in mind that in some states Blue Cross and Blue Shield are owned by two completely different insurance companies.
Third we will be looking at the deductibles. There is a huge misconception with how deductibles work. The number one misconception with deductibles is that nothing is covered by the insurance company until this large deductible is met. The reality is that most plans cover most of the things before the deductible is met with small co-pay. In most cases deductible applies only for inpatient and out-patient hospital (surgeries, emergency room). Second misconception is that once deductible is met everything is covered 100% or in case of hospital stay all we will be responsible is the deductible. Although some plans do work that way, most health plans do not. Majority of health plans you are still responsible for, what?s called co-insurance. That meant that you are still paying percentage of the bill usually 30% up to you ?Maximum out of Pocket? as me mentioned earlier. That is why ?Maximum out of Pocket? is more important that the deductible. For example if you have a plan with a 2500 deductible and 30% hospital co-insurance, then you are responsible for 2500 plus 30% up to ?Maximum out of Pocket?. There are some plan today available that have no deductible and they are relatively inexpensive. Chances are those are the plans that have high ?Maximum out of Pocket? in most cases over 7500 per person. In case of a family of four in worst case scenario you could be responsible for $30,000. If there is no deductible it does not meat that everything is covered at 100%. The way plans with no deductible work is by having you pay a percentage of the bill starting with the first dollar. Percentage could range anywhere from 30% to 50%, again up to your ?Maximum out of Pocket? amount. The larger deductible you choose the lower monthly premium you will pay. My recommendation will be that you choose deductibles over 2500 unless you are planning on being admitted to the hospital often.
Fourth we will be looking at the prescription drug coverage. The reason prescription drug coverage is very important, because drugs can be very expensive. In the event of major illness or accident drug cost could be in the hundreds even thousands of dollars every month. Most plans do cover prescription drugs. There are few things to consider. First check if the plan has limits on how much the insurance company willing to pay for your prescription drugs per year. Most plans cover prescription drugs up to your life time maximum which should range anywhere from 2 million to 8 million. Some plans offer option where they will cover only generic drugs. This in most cases is sufficient. About 90% off all the brand name drugs have equivalent generic drug available. By choosing a plan that covers generic drugs only you can be saving a lot of money every month on you health insurance premium. Next you should be looking at the deductibles for the prescription drugs. In most cases if plans covers generic and brand name drugs you will have a deductible for brand name drug before your co-pay begins. Most brand name drug deductibles range anywhere from $250 to $1000. Majority of the health plans cover generic prescription drugs right away.
Fifth we will look at annual physical exam coverage. Most plans cover physical exams once a year. There are few things to consider. First if there a waiting period before you can get insurance company pay for your physical exam. Second what is the maximum that insurance company is willing to pay for your physical exam? Last is what your co-pay to get a physical exam is.
Sixth we will look at the doctor visit co-pays. That means what is the amount that you are responsible for after witch insurance company pays for everything at 100%. There are some options to consider. Doctor office visit co-pay could range anywhere from $10 to $50. Some plan might have you pay a percentage of the doctor?s office visit. After witch insurance company is willing to pay at 100%. Second thing to consider is if the co-pay included lab work and x-ray. Most of the time Lab work and x-rays is billed separately. Company like Assurant Health is willing to pay up to $100 for your lab work and x-rays as part of your co-pay. One of the main things that most people look for in a plan is, how much is their co-pay to go to a doctor? Even though no one in history ever went bankrupt because they could not pay for their doctor visit. If you were to going to pay out of pocket for your doctors visit it will probably cost you anywhere from $45 to $100. The only way it is going to be more than that is of you had sad lab work or minor out patient surgery done.
After reading this article you should have idea of what kind of plan you might want for your self and your family. The one additional thing that I would consider is how well your plan travels with you. For example if you decide to move to a different state or if you travel outside of the country. Most plans do not travel well and most don?t cover you if you are outside the country. I most cases if you can a plan in one state and you decide to move to a different state you have to cancel the plans in the state you are moving from and re-apply in the new state. Even if you had same insurance company in the state that you are moving from. If you want more information on the health insurance resource and information visit out online at www.GuideToHealthInsurance.org
Dennis Alexander - leading consultant for employer group and individual/family health insurance. Marketing consultant for major health insurance resource websites and brokerage firms online. Some of the websites consultant and/or administrator http://www.HealthCoverageQuotes.com, http://www.GuideToHealthInsurance.org

Car Insurance For Teenagers - Importance of Discounts


With the cost of teenage auto insurance being so high, it is even more important for young drivers to save money on their car insurance, and getting good discounts is one way of doing this.
Auto insurance companies are always seeking ways to limit their exposure to risk and if you can show them that you present a lower risk than most teenage drivers then they will reward you by offering sometimes quite substantial discounts.
So what are the discounts that can help lower you car insurance rates? There are many types of discounts on offer and you would be well advised to check with your auto insurance company to see what they have available. In the mean-time, below you will find some of the most common that are on offer.
Safety Discount
Most auto insurance companies offer discounts if you have anti-theft devices such as car alarms fitted to your car or keep your car in a locked garage.
Safe Driver Discount
If you have more than five years driving experience, have not had your license revoked or suspended in the last three years, and have not had a major traffic violation or more than one accident in the last three years, then you might be eligible for a safe driver discount.
Multi Vehicle/Multi Policy Discounts
All major insurance companies will give you a discount for having multiple vehicles insured with them. They also have discounts available if you place your life and homeowner's insurance with them.
Online Discounts
Did you know that with some auto insurance companies you can get a 5% discount on your premium just by purchasing your insurance online?
As you can see, there are more auto insurance discounts available than ever before. Do your homework, shop around and enjoy the savings.
George Bixby, after nearly 40 years as an car insurance consultant, is now enjoying his retirement sharing his knowledge by writing articles particularly concerning teenage car insurance.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=George_Bixby

Budget Car Insurance Quotes - How to Avoid Over-Paying For Your Insurance

What makes car insurance so expensive? To begin with, most of the big, well known providers are very expensive. You know who they are. You always see the ads on TV. Frankly, they are some of the most expensive. Think about it. Who is paying for those TV commercials? You will be if you sign up. And the truth is, their coverage is often no better than the smaller agents.
Your age, credit score, type of car (4x4, sports car, family car), year, tickets, and how hard parts are to find, all affect how much your insurance will be. Teenagers get hit the hardest. They have no driving record, and are assumed to be high risk. However, there are ways around this. Ask the insurance agent and DMV how to get budget car insurance. It can be done.
You certainly don't need to use any of the big companies when it comes to finding car insurance. you can use large and small companies. The difference is the smaller company has less customers and can deal with your situation faster. They are often much cheaper because they are not spending big money to advertise.
Other ways to make your insurance more affordable are to raise your deductible, have anti-theft devices installed, and not including expensive features on your plan.
Shop around. Almost every agent will tell you the quote given is the best you will find. Of course, because if you don't do business there, they don't get any money. But the deal is, this is your money, and you want the best value for it with budget car insurance.
By using the internet and checking around on insurance you can find it much cheaper over the internet. Just checking a few companies in your local phone book is a sure way to expensive car insurance.
The coverage from a large company is very rarely any better than a smaller company. You are paying for the name, an advertising budget, and that's about it. Sure some do give better service, but I have dealt with both large and small, and I can tell you that for the most part, the large companies who charge more are not worth it.
using the internet will give you quotes from all sizes of companies and get you the the best budget car insurance.
Here is the best resource for Budget Car Insurance just click here To save on your insurance
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Brian_Bannon

Why Choose Temporary Car Insurance?


Temporary car insurance is becoming ever more popular. The increase in the availability and usage of short term insurance policies is caused by a number of factors, not least of which are the rising cost of insurance and the financial hardships of our era. For many people, a temporary policy is the most cost-effective way of insuring their cars.
Of course, it is worth bearing in mind that temporary insurance is much more expensive if you intend to use it in the long term. However, for those who drive their cars infrequently, a short term policy for the necessary length of time is much cheaper than an annual policy that is redundant when your vehicle is not in use.
Today, most temporary car insurance policies range from one to twenty-eight days in length and can be renewed at any point during that time, which makes things more convenient if your plans change and you need extra coverage.
The cost obviously varies from one insurer to the next and will alter depending on your personal circumstances, for example, how long you have held a license, whether you have recently placed an insurance claim, your age and any driving convictions you may have incurred.
Temporary car insurance is most commonly used among professionals or students who spend large periods away from home, but it can also be useful if you simply do not drive very often or if you are using a different vehicle for a short time. Additionally, when purchasing a new car, you may wish to take out a temporary policy for the drive home.
Short term coverage is quick and easy to acquire. Many companies allow you to apply online, which can be very quick. Alternatively, you may prefer to arrange your cover by phone. Either way, your policy can be active within the same day.
Particularly in the current financial climate, everyone is looking for ways to save money and car insurance is often overlooked. It is worth considering, if you or a member of your family intends to drive a car for a short specific period of time, you can make massive savings with a temporary insurance policy.
As mentioned above, price and eligibility will alter between insurers. Therefore, if you are interested in purchasing temporary car insurance, it is advisable to seek quotes from several companies to ensure that you are getting the best possible price for your policy.
Get more understanding on how you can obtain temporary car insurance by visiting http://www.toppacaralhu.com/. With in-depth tips and guidelines, you and your vehicle will be offered the protection needed at a low premium rate.
Article Source: http://www.ezinearticles.com/?expert=Robert_Linley